Swoole同步模式与协程模式之间的对比（详细）
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本篇文章给大家带来的内容是关于Swoole同步模式与协程模式之间的对比 （详细） ，有一定的参考价值，有需要的朋友可以参考一下，希望对你有所帮助。在现代化 PHP 高级开发中，Swoole 为 PHP 带来了更多可能，如：常驻内存、协程，关于传统的 Apache/FPM 模式与常驻内存模式(同步)的巨大差异，之前我做过测试，大家能直观的感受到性能的巨大提升，但是协程到来后，又带来了多少性能的提升呢？提升的又是哪方面的性能？下面逐步测试一下。
传统的 Apache/FPM 模式与常驻内存模式(同步)的测试文章：
MixPHP 并发性能全面对比测试
协程的优势
协程模式与常驻内存模式(同步)/传统模式相比：
常驻模式/传统模式都属于同步阻塞编程，由于同一个进程不能并行处理请求，所以为了提高并发，只能开启更多的进程，通常超过 100 甚至更多，每个进程都有基础的内存消耗，加起来就很多了，而且受限于 Linux 总进程数限制，并发总数无法突破，加上进程非常多之后，CPU 需要更多的线程切换，浪费了很多性能，当然相比 FPM 的传统模式每次都需从头开始，常驻模式还是要好非常多的，但是协程显然更加优秀。
协程模式的执行方式：
协程模式中一个进程可以同时执行 N 个请求，但同一时刻只执行其中的某一个请求，也就是说，当执行到 MySQL/Redis 这些客户端时，由于需要等待客户端响应，常驻模式/传统模式通常是在傻傻的等待响应，而协程这个时候会挂起当前协程，切换到其他协程中去处理其他请求，所以协程能同时处理 N 个请求，每增加一个请求只需增加一些内存消耗，相比增加一个进程的内存消耗，显然是少太多的，由于协程能并行处理，所以通常只需配置于 CPU 数量 1～2 倍左右的进程数即可，更少的进程带来更少的 CPU 线程切换，又减少很多性能损耗。
开始测试
MixPHP 是一个基于 Swoole 的FPM、常驻内存、协程三模 PHP 高性能框架，由于该框架同时具备常驻内存模式、协程模式，所以能很方便的测试结果。
测试环境：
docker 容器，限制只能使用 1 CPU。
其他参数如下：
Server Name: mix-httpdFramework Version: 1.1.0-RCPHP Version: 7.2.9Swoole Version: 4.1.0Listen Addr: 127.0.0.1Listen Port: 9501
代码：
模拟常用的 HTTP 开发需求，执行三个 SQL 请求。
// 默认动作public function actionIndex(){ PDO::createCommand("select * from `test` where id = 1")->queryOne(); PDO::createCommand("select * from `test` where id = 2")->queryOne(); return PDO::createCommand("select * from `test` limit 5")->queryAll();}测试结果
常驻内存模式(同步)：
| 进程数 | 并发数 | RPS |
|---|---|---|
| 8 | 100 | 838.65 |
| 8 | 300 | 683.78 |
| 8 | 500 | 688.56 |
| 50 | 100 | 770.69 |
| 50 | 300 | 304.90 |
| 50 | 300 | 378.95 |
协程模式：
| 进程数 | 并发数 | RPS |
|---|---|---|
| 8 | 100 | 834.12 |
| 8 | 300 | 837.50 |
| 8 | 500 | 824.14 |
协程在本次测试中并没有像之前的传统 Apache/FPM 模式与常驻内存模式(同步)的测试一样展现出巨大的性能提升，说明：
在少量能快速响应的 SQL 请求中，协程的提升并不明显，应该要在响应时间更大时，才能感受到协程优势。
常驻内存模式的进程数配置过多，并发性能反而会降低，该问题同样适用于传统 Apache/FPM 模式。
常驻内存模式(同步)详细测试
首先 8 个 Worker 进程，并发 100 测试，RPS 为 838.65。
C:UsersEDZ>ab -n 10000 -c 100 http://www.a.com/This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1757674 $>Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/Benchmarking www.a.com (be patient)Completed 1000 requestsCompleted 2000 requestsCompleted 3000 requestsCompleted 4000 requestsCompleted 5000 requestsCompleted 6000 requestsCompleted 7000 requestsCompleted 8000 requestsCompleted 9000 requestsCompleted 10000 requestsFinished 10000 requestsServer Software: nginx/1.13.9Server Hostname: www.a.comServer Port: 80Document Path: /Document Length: 101 bytesConcurrency Level: 100Time taken for tests: 11.924 secondsComplete requests: 10000Failed requests: 0Total transferred: 2660000 bytesHTML transferred: 1010000 bytesRequests per second: 838.65 [#/sec] (mean)Time per request: 119.239 [ms] (mean)Time per request: 1.192 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)Transfer rate: 217.85 [Kbytes/sec] receivedConnection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median maxConnect: 0 0 0.2 0 4Processing: 20 118 18.3 118 195Waiting: 19 118 18.4 118 195Total: 20 118 18.4 119 195Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 119 66% 126 75% 130 80% 133 90% 141 95% 147 98% 155 99% 161 100% 195 (longest request)
然后使用 8 个 Worker 进程，并发 300 测试，RPS 为 683.78。
C:UsersEDZ>ab -n 10000 -c 300 http://www.a.com/This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1757674 $>Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/Benchmarking www.a.com (be patient)Completed 1000 requestsCompleted 2000 requestsCompleted 3000 requestsCompleted 4000 requestsCompleted 5000 requestsCompleted 6000 requestsCompleted 7000 requestsCompleted 8000 requestsCompleted 9000 requestsCompleted 10000 requestsFinished 10000 requestsServer Software: nginx/1.13.9Server Hostname: www.a.comServer Port: 80Document Path: /Document Length: 101 bytesConcurrency Level: 300Time taken for tests: 14.624 secondsComplete requests: 10000Failed requests: 0Total transferred: 2660000 bytesHTML transferred: 1010000 bytesRequests per second: 683.78 [#/sec] (mean)Time per request: 438.735 [ms] (mean)Time per request: 1.462 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)Transfer rate: 177.62 [Kbytes/sec] receivedConnection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median maxConnect: 0 0 30.0 0 3000Processing: 62 432 493.4 354 3457Waiting: 54 431 488.1 354 3455Total: 62 433 494.1 354 3457Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 354 66% 373 75% 385 80% 392 90% 411 95% 432 98% 3170 99% 3266 100% 3457 (longest request)
然后使用 8 个 Worker 进程，并发 500 测试，RPS 为 688.56。
C:UsersEDZ>ab -n 10000 -c 500 http://www.a.com/This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1757674 $>Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/Benchmarking www.a.com (be patient)Completed 1000 requestsCompleted 2000 requestsCompleted 3000 requestsCompleted 4000 requestsCompleted 5000 requestsCompleted 6000 requestsCompleted 7000 requestsCompleted 8000 requestsCompleted 9000 requestsCompleted 10000 requestsFinished 10000 requestsServer Software: nginx/1.13.9Server Hostname: www.a.comServer Port: 80Document Path: /Document Length: 101 bytesConcurrency Level: 500Time taken for tests: 14.523 secondsComplete requests: 10000Failed requests: 0Total transferred: 2660000 bytesHTML transferred: 1010000 bytesRequests per second: 688.56 [#/sec] (mean)Time per request: 726.150 [ms] (mean)Time per request: 1.452 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)Transfer rate: 178.87 [Kbytes/sec] receivedConnection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median maxConnect: 0 0 30.0 0 3000Processing: 102 707 618.4 596 3632Waiting: 89 703 605.6 595 3629Total: 102 707 618.9 596 3633Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 596 66% 620 75% 635 80% 645 90% 679 95% 3125 98% 3401 99% 3495 100% 3633 (longest request)
现在调整为 50 进程，100 并发测试，RPS 为 770.69。
进程的增加并没有带来并发量的提升。
C:UsersEDZ>ab -n 10000 -c 100 http://www.a.com/This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1757674 $>Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/Benchmarking www.a.com (be patient)Completed 1000 requestsCompleted 2000 requestsCompleted 3000 requestsCompleted 4000 requestsCompleted 5000 requestsCompleted 6000 requestsCompleted 7000 requestsCompleted 8000 requestsCompleted 9000 requestsCompleted 10000 requestsFinished 10000 requestsServer Software: nginx/1.13.9Server Hostname: www.a.comServer Port: 80Document Path: /Document Length: 101 bytesConcurrency Level: 100Time taken for tests: 12.975 secondsComplete requests: 10000Failed requests: 0Total transferred: 2660000 bytesHTML transferred: 1010000 bytesRequests per second: 770.69 [#/sec] (mean)Time per request: 129.754 [ms] (mean)Time per request: 1.298 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)Transfer rate: 200.20 [Kbytes/sec] receivedConnection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median maxConnect: 0 1 42.4 0 3000Processing: 10 128 499.8 56 7137Waiting: 10 127 495.8 55 7137Total: 11 129 503.3 56 7137Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 56 66% 72 75% 86 80% 97 90% 133 95% 179 98% 312 99% 3052 100% 7137 (longest request)
50 进程，300 并发测试，RPS 为 304.90。
对比 8 个进程时的结果，并发量降低非常明显，看来进程数过多并不能提升性能，反而会降低性能。
C:UsersEDZ>ab -n 10000 -c 300 http://www.a.com/This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1757674 $>Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/Benchmarking www.a.com (be patient)Completed 1000 requestsCompleted 2000 requestsCompleted 3000 requestsCompleted 4000 requestsCompleted 5000 requestsCompleted 6000 requestsCompleted 7000 requestsCompleted 8000 requestsCompleted 9000 requestsCompleted 10000 requestsFinished 10000 requestsServer Software: nginx/1.13.9Server Hostname: www.a.comServer Port: 80Document Path: /Document Length: 101 bytesConcurrency Level: 300Time taken for tests: 32.798 secondsComplete requests: 10000Failed requests: 0Total transferred: 2660000 bytesHTML transferred: 1010000 bytesRequests per second: 304.90 [#/sec] (mean)Time per request: 983.942 [ms] (mean)Time per request: 3.280 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)Transfer rate: 79.20 [Kbytes/sec] receivedConnection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median maxConnect: 0 3 90.0 0 3001Processing: 25 976 1339.8 189 3694Waiting: 23 954 1316.5 188 3691Total: 25 979 1341.0 189 3694Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 189 66% 289 75% 3094 80% 3113 90% 3184 95% 3249 98% 3315 99% 3375 100% 3694 (longest request)
50 进程，500 并发测试，RPS 为 378.95。
C:UsersEDZ>ab -n 10000 -c 500 http://www.a.com/This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1757674 $>Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/Benchmarking www.a.com (be patient)Completed 1000 requestsCompleted 2000 requestsCompleted 3000 requestsCompleted 4000 requestsCompleted 5000 requestsCompleted 6000 requestsCompleted 7000 requestsCompleted 8000 requestsCompleted 9000 requestsCompleted 10000 requestsFinished 10000 requestsServer Software: nginx/1.13.9Server Hostname: www.a.comServer Port: 80Document Path: /Document Length: 101 bytesConcurrency Level: 500Time taken for tests: 26.389 secondsComplete requests: 10000Failed requests: 0Total transferred: 2660000 bytesHTML transferred: 1010000 bytesRequests per second: 378.95 [#/sec] (mean)Time per request: 1319.431 [ms] (mean)Time per request: 2.639 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)Transfer rate: 98.44 [Kbytes/sec] receivedConnection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median maxConnect: 0 2 79.4 0 3001Processing: 64 1306 1434.7 341 3962Waiting: 17 1224 1391.4 321 3959Total: 65 1308 1435.2 342 3963Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 342 66% 3142 75% 3168 80% 3195 90% 3292 95% 3374 98% 3467 99% 3516 100% 3963 (longest request)
协程模式详细测试
首先 8 个 Worker 进程，并发 100 测试，RPS 为 834.12。
C:UsersEDZ>ab -n 10000 -c 100 http://www.a.com/This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1757674 $>Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/Benchmarking www.a.com (be patient)Completed 1000 requestsCompleted 2000 requestsCompleted 3000 requestsCompleted 4000 requestsCompleted 5000 requestsCompleted 6000 requestsCompleted 7000 requestsCompleted 8000 requestsCompleted 9000 requestsCompleted 10000 requestsFinished 10000 requestsServer Software: nginx/1.13.9Server Hostname: www.a.comServer Port: 80Document Path: /Document Length: 101 bytesConcurrency Level: 100Time taken for tests: 11.989 secondsComplete requests: 10000Failed requests: 0Total transferred: 2660000 bytesHTML transferred: 1010000 bytesRequests per second: 834.12 [#/sec] (mean)Time per request: 119.886 [ms] (mean)Time per request: 1.199 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)Transfer rate: 216.68 [Kbytes/sec] receivedConnection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median maxConnect: 0 0 0.3 0 4Processing: 84 119 9.8 122 165Waiting: 84 119 9.8 122 164Total: 84 119 9.8 123 165Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 123 66% 124 75% 125 80% 125 90% 126 95% 128 98% 131 99% 137 100% 165 (longest request)
然后使用 8 个 Worker 进程，并发 300 测试，RPS 为 837.50。
C:UsersEDZ>ab -n 10000 -c 300 http://www.a.com/This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1757674 $>Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/Benchmarking www.a.com (be patient)Completed 1000 requestsCompleted 2000 requestsCompleted 3000 requestsCompleted 4000 requestsCompleted 5000 requestsCompleted 6000 requestsCompleted 7000 requestsCompleted 8000 requestsCompleted 9000 requestsCompleted 10000 requestsFinished 10000 requestsServer Software: nginx/1.13.9Server Hostname: www.a.comServer Port: 80Document Path: /Document Length: 101 bytesConcurrency Level: 300Time taken for tests: 11.940 secondsComplete requests: 10000Failed requests: 0Total transferred: 2660000 bytesHTML transferred: 1010000 bytesRequests per second: 837.50 [#/sec] (mean)Time per request: 358.207 [ms] (mean)Time per request: 1.194 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)Transfer rate: 217.55 [Kbytes/sec] receivedConnection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median maxConnect: 0 1 42.4 0 3001Processing: 86 354 1043.0 161 7172Waiting: 86 344 1011.9 160 7172Total: 86 355 1044.5 161 7172Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 161 66% 182 75% 199 80% 212 90% 251 95% 302 98% 6103 99% 6135 100% 7172 (longest request)
然后使用 8 个 Worker 进程，并发 500 测试，RPS 为 824.14。
C:UsersEDZ>ab -n 10000 -c 500 http://www.a.com/This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1757674 $>Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/Benchmarking www.a.com (be patient)Completed 1000 requestsCompleted 2000 requestsCompleted 3000 requestsCompleted 4000 requestsCompleted 5000 requestsCompleted 6000 requestsCompleted 7000 requestsCompleted 8000 requestsCompleted 9000 requestsCompleted 10000 requestsFinished 10000 requestsServer Software: nginx/1.13.9Server Hostname: www.a.comServer Port: 80Document Path: /Document Length: 101 bytesConcurrency Level: 500Time taken for tests: 12.134 secondsComplete requests: 10000Failed requests: 0Total transferred: 2660000 bytesHTML transferred: 1010000 bytesRequests per second: 824.14 [#/sec] (mean)Time per request: 606.690 [ms] (mean)Time per request: 1.213 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)Transfer rate: 214.08 [Kbytes/sec] receivedConnection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median maxConnect: 0 0 0.3 0 4Processing: 92 332 585.3 198 6931Waiting: 91 331 585.5 196 6931Total: 92 332 585.3 198 6931Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 198 66% 242 75% 284 80% 334 90% 587 95% 932 98% 1216 99% 2390 100% 6931 (longest request)
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